Now the God of peace, that brought again from the dead our Lord Jesus, that great shepherd of the sheep, through the blood of the everlasting covenant, make you perfect in every good work to do his will, working in you that which is well pleasing in his sight, through Jesus Christ; to whom be glory for ever and ever. Amen. Hebrews 13:20-21

I want to invite you to consider this text with me. When I was a young man and learning all I could about the power of the blood of Jesus, this was a portion of scripture that was very dear to me. It is tucked away at the end of the epistle to the Hebrews so it doesn’t get the recognition that some other texts may get, but there is a powerful message in these words. 

Notice the words of the text again, Now the God of peace, that brought again from the dead our Lord Jesus, that great shepherd of the sheep, through the blood of the everlasting covenant… ~ v.20

The question we need to explore is does this text tell us that Jesus is the great Shepherd of the sheep through the blood of the everlasting covenant, or does it tells us that God raised Jesus, who is the great Shepherd of the sheep, from the dead by the blood of the everlasting covenant.

Commentaries do differ, but it seems to me that there is a lot that can be learned from this text. It is my understanding that the actual rendering when the blood is mentioned is “in” or “in virtue” of the blood of the everlasting covenant, rather than through the blood of the everlasting covenant.

First, let’s consider some other Bible translations, then we’ll consider some commentaries, and close with some inspiring words from Andrew Murray’s commentary on Hebrews.

Here are some other translations:

Now the God of peace, who brought again from the dead the great shepherd of the sheep with the blood of an eternal covenant, even our Lord Jesus… ~ ASV

Now may the God of peace [the source of serenity and spiritual well-being] who brought up from the dead our Lord Jesus, the great Shepherd of the sheep, through the blood that sealed and ratified the eternal covenant… ~ AMP

Now may the God of peace who brought again from the dead our Lord Jesus, the great shepherd of the sheep, by the blood of the eternal covenant… ~ ESV

Now may the God of peace, who brought up from the dead our Lord Jesus—the great Shepherd of the sheep—with the blood of the everlasting covenant ~ HCSB

Now may the God of peace, who brought up from the dead the great Shepherd of the sheep through the blood of the eternal covenant, that is, Jesus our Lord… ~ NASB

And the God of the peace, who did bring up out of the dead the great shepherd of the sheep — in the blood of an age-during covenant — our Lord Jesus …. ~ YLT

Most translations tend to translate this text in a manner that has the resurrection of Jesus being accomplished by virtue of the blood of the everlasting covenant. If that is true, there is a powerful untapped truth that we should give some time attention to in our thinking regarding the redemptive work of Christ. However, if the mention of the blood of the everlasting covenant in this text has more to do with the emphasis that Jesus is the Great Shepherd of the sheep, that also has great blessings for us to embrace.

Now, let’s consider some commentaries. Notice that the first two, Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers and Barnes Notes on the Bible reach two completely different conclusions.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English readers: “As for thee also, by the blood of thy covenant I have sent forth thy prisoners out of the pit wherein is no water.” In other words, “because of the blood which ratified thy covenant (Exodus 24:8) I have released thy prisoners.” As in the former case, the resemblance between the words in the LXX. and those here used is sufficient to convince us that the passage was in the writer’s thought. In (i.e., in virtue of) the blood of an eternal covenant (Hebrews 9:15-18) God has raised up the Lord Jesus. The covenant was ratified by His blood; the first of the blessings of the covenant, and that in which all blessing lay included, was this, that God raised Him up from the dead to be “the great Shepherd of the sheep.”

Barnes Notes on the Bible: Through the blood of the everlasting covenant – The blood shed to ratify the everlasting covenant that God makes with his people; notes, Hebrews 9:14-23. This phrase, in the original, is not connected, as it is in our translation, with his being raised from the dead, nor should it be so rendered, for what can be the sense of “raising Christ from the dead by the blood of the covenant?” In the Greek it is, “the God of peace, who brought again from the dead the shepherd of the sheep, great by the blood of the everlasting covenant, our Lord Jesus,” etc. The meaning is, that he was made or constituted the great Shepherd of the sheep – the great Lord and ruler of his people, by that blood. That which makes him so eminently distinguished; that by which he was made superior to all others who ever ruled over the people of God, was the fact that he offered the blood by which the eternal covenant was ratified. It is called everlasting or eternal, because:

(1) it was formed in the councils of eternity, or has been an eternal plan in the divine mind; and,

(2) because it is to continue forever. Through such a covenant God can bestow permanent and solid “peace” on his people, for it lays the foundation of the assurance of eternal happiness.

As you can see there is a difference of opinion here, and both conclusions are inspiring. I tend to think both are correct and that if we join but truths we get a more Biblical answer, Jesus who was raised from the dead is the great Shepherd of the sheep, but he was the Shepherd of the Sheep before he died according to his own words in John 10. Jesus did not become the shepherd of the Sheep after he died. He died because he is the shepherd of the Sheep.

I am the good shepherd: the good shepherd giveth his life for the sheep. ~ John 10:11.

We’ll look at some more commentaries shortly, but first I want to draw your attention to another text that is tucked away at the end of Romans 4. I think this text sheds some light on the truth contained in Hebrews 13:20.

But for us also, to whom it (righteousness) shall be imputed, if we believe on him that raised up Jesus our Lord from the dead; Who was delivered for our offenses, and was raised again for our justification. ~ Romans 4:24-25

Concerning Romans 4:24-25 W.E. Vines states, “… all that was necessary on God’s part for our justification had been effected in the death of Christ. On this account He was raised from the dead. The propitiation being perfect and complete, His resurrection was the confirmatory counterpart (Vines Expository Dictionary of Old and New Testament Words).

I think it is safe to conclude that scripture reveals that when God raised Jesus from the dead, he demonstrated in Christ’s resurrection, the power of the everlasting covenant by which we are raised from the dead in Christ, and because of the blood of the covenant by which we are redeemed, the Father will raise up our mortal bodies from corruption at the appointed time.

Now, let’s consider a couple more commentaries on Hebrews 13:20.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary: through the blood—Greek, “in,” in virtue of the blood (Heb 2:9); it was because of His bloody death for us, that the Father raised and crowned Him with glory. The “blood” was the seal of the everlasting covenant entered into between the Father and Son; in virtue of the Son’s blood, first Christ was raised, then Christ’s people shall be so (Zec 9:11, seemingly referred to here; Ac 20:28).

everlasting—The everlastingness of the covenant necessitated the resurrection. This clause, “the blood of the everlasting covenant,” is a summary retrospect of the Epistle (compare Heb 9:12).

Jamieson -Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary of Hebrews 13:20 fits well with W.E. Vines commentary of Romans 4:24-25. In fact, Jamieson-Fausset-Brown says the following regarding Romans 4:25:

Who was delivered for—”on account of.”

our offences—that is, in order to expiate them by His blood.

and raised again for—”on account of,” that is, in order to.

our justification—As His resurrection was the divine assurance that He had “put away sin by the sacrifice of Himself,” and the crowning of His whole work, our justification is fitly connected with that glorious act.

Think about that, the resurrection of Jesus was the divine assurance that Jesus has put away sin by the sacrifice of himself and his resurrection is the crowning of the whole work of our justification!

Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges: that brought again from the dead ] Among many allusions to the Ascension and Glorification of Christ this is the only direct allusion in the Epistle to His Resurrection (but comp. Hebrews 6:2, Hebrews 11:35). The verb ἀνήγαγεν may be “raised again” rather than “brought up,” though there may be a reminiscence of “the shepherd” (Moses) who “brought up” his people from the sea in Isaiah 63:11.through the blood of the everlasting covenant] Rather, “by virtue of (lit. “in”) the blood of an eternal covenant.” The expression finds its full explanation in Hebrews 9:15-18. Others connect it with “the Great Shepherd.” He became the Great Shepherd by means of His blood. So in Acts 20:28 we have “to shepherd the Church of God, which He purchased for Himself by means of His own blood.” A similar phrase occurs in Zechariah 9:11, “By (or “because of”) the blood of thy covenant I have sent forth thy prisoners out of the pit.”

Finally, consider the thoughts of Andrew Murray:

In the blood of the everlasting covenant. We know how the blood has been coupled in the Epistle with the redemption of transgressions, the opening of the entrance into heaven, and the cleansing of the heart from all conscience of sin. Were it not for that blood -shedding Christ had never risen from the dead. In that blood, even the blood of the everlasting covenant, which could only be made after there had been a redemption for transgressions, God raised Jesus from the dead. It was the blood that sealed the covenant, by which the covenant blessings of perfect pardon, of the law written in the heart, and direct fellowship with God were secured to us. It was the blood that had conquered sin and death and hell, that could give entrance into heaven, and cleanse the sinner’s heart for the reception and experience of the heavenly life. And as those who are sprinkled with his blood, the secret of resurrection power, we are invited to trust the God of the resurrection to work in us. The God of peace, who hath raised Jesus from the dead in the blood of the covenant, make you perfect in every good work to do his will. The God who perfected his Son through suffering to do His will, until He raised Him in triumph over death to His own right hand – O soul! This same God is waiting to do this same work in thee in the same power. What He did in Christ for thee is all for the sake of what He is now day by day to do in thee. All that thou hast learnt of the wonders of His redeeming work, and His receiving thee into the Holiest, is that thou mightest now confidently trust and expect Him to take possession of thee and perfect His work within thee. Oh, let us draw nigh and enter in, in the restful, adoring assurance that God will perfect us in every good thing. ~ Andrew Murray, The Holiest of All

Recently, I shared an NT Wright video in a post, and as I ponder the things he says, a couple of things really resonate with me this morning as I write this. First, God condemned sin in the flesh of Jesus (Romans 8:1-3), and that was substitutionary and penal. What a beautiful truth. I have made it very clear in my teachings that I reject the substitutional view that states that God poured out his wrath or anger on Jesus when he died on the cross, and NT Wright makes it very clear of his rejection of that view as well.

Where I have not done a good job in teaching or communicating, and I will definitely make the correction, is the penal aspect of the cross. I absolutely believe that Jesus’s death serves as payment for our sins. Jesus clearly teaches that he would give himself as a ransom, and Paul tells us that we are bought with a price.

We also read that Christ was made to be a curse for us. I have addressed this in my teachings as well, but maybe not with the clarity that I should have. It’s easy to overcompensate when you are adamantly opposed to a particular view. I think in some ways I have done that in my rejection of the penal view that states that God condemned Jesus in his wrath.

I can’t begin to tell you how much that view is repulsive to me, because it goes contrary to everything I see in the scriptures. Because of my disdain of the view of an angry God at the cross, I have refrained from referring to the death of Christ as a substitute. Instead, I have renewed my mind to speak of it as a sacrifice and an offering. Which is by far the scriptural description.

I will continue to emphasize Jesus’s death as a sacrifice and an offering.  However, I will do a better job of communicating the substitutional aspect of his sacrifice. I recently read something from Andrew Murray that really helped me, and when I couple it with NT Wright’s description of representative substitution, it really gives me a framework to communicate the penal aspect of the cross that I see in scripture. Words mean something, and for me, the word substitution has for a very long time been somewhat of a degrading description of the sacrifice of our Lord, and that is why I rejected it.

The reason I found it degrading is that in some places the substitutional aspect of the cross has reduced Jesus to a mere replacement. This is specifically why I refrained from the language of substitution and would say Jesus died on my behalf rather than in my place. Jesus is not my equal and neither am I his. I could never give to God what he gave to God for me – a sinless, unselfish, perfect life.

Andrew Murray points out, as my substitution, he did what I could not do. And that is the same truth that NT Wright is communicating. Substitution with this in mind is a good description. However, Jesus was not a substitute like a pinch hitter in baseball or a substitute teacher filling in while the teacher is out for the day. Jesus wasn’t role playing sinner on my behalf, or taking the anger that God had for me so that I could go free. Jesus was the perfect, beautiful lamb of glory and he died for me.

Jesus laid down his life, and that was something that Father called him to do because the Father, in his love, wanted to save me from my sins. Jesus obeyed the will of the Father and gave himself for me and for you, and Jesus’s sacrifice (his substitution) was the outward expression of the love that God has in his heart for you and for me. In Jesus, the love of God took our place and died so that were could live – that is substitution and that is penal!

We could never do what Jesus did. We could never give the Father such perfect obedience, and such unselfish surrender as to lay down our lives for others who were guilty while we were innocent, but this is what Jesus did, and that is penal, and that is substitutionary in a holy and glorious way. Jesus’s death for us was the outworking of divine love, mercy, and grace. 

There is more I would like to say, but I have a work day ahead and I hope to share the other truth that has resonated in my heart later, which I mentioned at the beginning, but I wanted to share my thoughts here regarding substitution and would like to develop this more in future posts.

If you are hungry, and really desire to be challenged, I invite you to watch thE following as N.T. Wright expounds on the cross. N.T. has been such a blessing to me and my understanding of scripture over the past 12-15 years. Wright takes the podium at about the 5:10 mark of the video. After you watch, I invite you to comeback and leave a comment. Thank you, I hope this blesses you as much as it has blessed me.

Every religious “Christian” ideology that I have ever come across leads people away from the simple truth in Christ. Calvinism, Christian nationalism, Zionism, Hebrew Roots, Apostolic/prophetic, prosperity movement, and the list goes on.

These ideologies all fail when examined in view of the whole counsel of scripture. Everyone of them are set forth as if they are the Kingdom of God, and they are not. The Kingdom of God is in Christ and in Christ alone. Each of these ideologies have aspects of truth, but not a single one of them is the truth. The truth is in Jesus alone, and when all is said and done, these ideologies are what drive more and more people away from God.

Recently, I have seen on a certain social media platform more than one person advocate the execution of other Christians that they deem to be heretics or false teachers. These extreme views come from some who embrace Calvinism, and with the way our world is heading, I wouldn’t put it past some people to attempt to carry out such evil.

The gospel of the Kingdom conforms us into the image of Christ. It does not make us zealots for a worldview that thrusts us into political or militant action. The Kingdom of Christ does not teach us to hate, mock, or have condescending attitudes towards our fellowmen. As Kingdom people we are called to be the kind of people that God intended us to be when he created Adam and placed him in the garden of Eden. We are to be kind and caring people. We are to be people of grace, mercy, and understanding. People who have the sweet fragrance of Christ.

The only way a person can be the fragrance of Christ to those around them is to spend time with Christ, and when we spend time with Christ, he doesn’t conform to our image, we conform to his. Let’s get our hearts and our minds right, and stop being a reproach on God’s true Kingdom with our carnal attitudes, and religious ideas that we call “Christian” that do not honor God. There is only ONE kingdom of God, and Christ is the Kind of it, and it rules in heart cleansed by the blood of Christ and renewed by the Spirit of Christ. God’s Kingdom does not reign through the will of our flesh and carnal ideologies.

But put ye on the Lord Jesus Christ, and make not provision for the flesh, to fulfil the lusts thereof. ~ Romans 13:14

But ye have not so learned Christ; If so be that ye have heard him, and have been taught by him, as the truth is in Jesus: That ye put off concerning the former conversation the old man, which is corrupt according to the deceitful lusts; And be renewed in the spirit of your mind; And that ye put on the new man, which after God is created in righteousness and true holiness. ~ Ephesians 4:20-24

If ye then be risen with Christ, seek those things which are above, where Christ sitteth on the right hand of God. Set your affection on things above, not on things on the earth. For ye are dead, and your life is hid with Christ in God. When Christ, who is our life, shall appear, then shall ye also appear with him in glory. Mortify therefore your members which are upon the earth; fornication, uncleanness, inordinate affection, evil concupiscence, and covetousness, which is idolatry: For which things’ sake the wrath of God cometh on the children of disobedience: In the which ye also walked some time, when ye lived in them. But now ye also put off all these; anger, wrath, malice, blasphemy, filthy communication out of your mouth. Lie not one to another, seeing that ye have put off the old man with his deeds; And have put on the new man, which is renewed in knowledge after the image of him that created him: Where there is neither Greek nor Jew, circumcision nor uncircumcision, Barbarian, Scythian, bond nor free: but Christ is all, and in all. Put on therefore, as the elect of God, holy and beloved, bowels of mercies, kindness, humbleness of mind, meekness, longsuffering; Forbearing one another, and forgiving one another, if any man have a quarrel against any: even as Christ forgave you, so also do ye. And above all these things put on charity, which is the bond of perfectness. And let the peace of God rule in your hearts, to the which also ye are called in one body; and be ye thankful. Let the word of Christ dwell in you richly in all wisdom; teaching and admonishing one another in psalms and hymns and spiritual songs, singing with grace in your hearts to the Lord. And whatsoever ye do in word or deed, do all in the name of the Lord Jesus, giving thanks to God and the Father by him. ~ Colossians 3:1-17